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Who among us does not like to feast on delicious hazelnuts collected from a tree called hazel... And if many are more or less aware of the beneficial properties of hazelnuts, then we know quite a bit about the medicinal properties of the bark, leaves and other parts of this plant. Well, it's time to fill this gap, and this article will help with this.

Description of the plant hazel (hazel)

Hazel (this plant is popularly called hazel) belongs to the Birch family. This shrub tree is rightfully considered a long-liver, since its "life" is about 80 years.

The plant got its name for the shape of the foliage (hazel leaves are quite large and wide-oval), resembling the fish of a bream, while the upper surface of the leaves is dark green, and the lower one is light green.

What does it look like?

Hazel can reach a height of 3 - 7 m. The weakly pubescent leaves of the plant have a heart-shaped base and a pointed top.

Hazel branches are covered with brown bark with white lenticels. Young shoots are distinguished by their gray color and the presence of an edge.

The flowers of the plant are unisexual: for example, male flowers are in the form of earrings located on short branches, while female flowers are more like buds.

The hazel fruit is a brownish-yellow edible nut, enclosed in a leaf wrapper - a plyus, resembling a bell in its appearance.

Where does it grow?

Hazel is widespread in the European part of Russia, in the Baltic States, Ukraine and Belarus, in the Caucasus and the Far East.

This plant prefers fresh, moist and fertile soils of deciduous and mixed forests. In addition, hazel can be found on forest edges, along ravines and among bushes, where the plant can form rather dense thickets.

Hazel and hazelnut

Often, hazel and hazelnuts are considered the same crops, but this is not entirely true, despite the fact that these plants belong to the same genus and family, have a similar appearance, composition and properties.

Hazelnuts (or hazelnuts) are a cultivated species of hazel. These are high-yielding, and most importantly, selective forms of hazel, and initially the fruits of the large hazel (Corylus maxima L) were called hazelnuts, whereas today hazelnuts are obtained by the selective method from common hazel, common in Russia.

How is hazel different from hazelnuts?

The main difference between hazelnuts and hazel is that the fruits of the first are three to four times larger.

In addition, hazelnuts surpass hazel in their taste and nutritional characteristics, since they contain more fat, protein, and other useful substances.

Hazel and hazelnuts: how to choose - video

Hazel varieties

The genus of hazel unites about 20 species, but in our latitudes in the wild, mostly common hazel is found. For the sake of fairness, we note that there are other separate populations, among which the most common are large, tree-like, variegated and Manchurian hazel.

Large hazel (purpurea)

Purpurea hazel (or Lombard nut) is a large shrub that can reach 10 meters in height. Large hazel has gray branches and round or broadly oval serrated leaves of green or dark red color.

The fruits of large hazel (namely, hazelnuts) are clustered in 3 - 6 pieces on a leg, the length of which is 2 - 3 cm. The wrapper of the fruit, tightly fitting the core in the lower part, is fleshy. The length of the hazelnut itself reaches 2 - 2.5 cm with a diameter of 1.5 cm.

The fruits of the purpurea hazel are distinguished by their high taste and nutritional qualities, as they contain about 60 percent fat and 15 percent protein (the taste of large hazel nuts resembles almonds).

In the wild, this plant is found in Asia Minor, Turkey, Italy, as well as in the Balkans.

Treelike hazel (bear walnut)

This is the tallest variety of hazel, reaching a height of 25 - 30 m. This tree, despite its width (from 6 to 8 m), has a slender trunk, which is crowned with a wide-pyramidal crown of regular shape. In autumn, the leaves of the bear nut acquire a golden yellow or greenish yellow color.

The bark of the tree has a whitish-gray hue, it departs in plates.

The fruits of this plant have a wrapper dissected into thin but sharp toothed lobes. The shells of the nuts are quite thick.

There are bear nut trees that are more than 200 years old.

Grows wild in Transcaucasia, Asia Minor and the Balkans.

Various-leaved hazel

This is a shrub, the height of which reaches 2 - 3 m, while a large number of strong shoots extend upward from the base of the bush.

The variegated hazel has a very dense and widely spreading crown.

The brown bark of the plant is dotted with densely pubescent young shoots.

The leaves of this type of hazel during blooming are distinguished by a reddish color, in summer they acquire a dark green tint, and in autumn - golden orange or golden yellow. There are three teeth at the top of the leaf.

The rounded fruits of variegated hazel are flattened on top, and are no more than two centimeters in diameter. Nuts are distinguished by high taste, although they are inferior to common hazel in the amount of oils and other nutrients they contain.

Various-leaved hazel not only tolerates drought well, but also has a high frost resistance.

This plant can be found in Eastern Siberia, the Far East and East Asia.

Manchurian hazel

It is a shrub with a height of about 3 - 4.5 m, most often forming several branching trunks.

Manchurian hazel has a dark gray fissured bark.

Young shoots of the plant are softly pubescent and glandular.

The main distinctive morphological feature of this type of hazel is the presence of oblong leaves.

The fruit of Manchurian hazel is an oblong nut, clothed in a thin shell. Small-sized nuts collected from this type of hazel are edible, but due to the prickly thorny wrapper, collecting and extracting them from the shell is difficult.

Manchurian hazel is a frost-resistant and shade-tolerant plant that is widespread in nature in the Khabarovsk and Primorsky regions, in China (namely, in Manchuria) and Korea.

Common hazel

It is a vertical, multi-stemmed shrub with a crown height and width of 4 and 6 m, respectively.

The brownish-gray bark of the shrub has striped-transverse excisions. Brownish-gray shoots of common hazel are pubescent.

The length of the leaves is 6 - 12 cm, and the width is 5 - 9 cm, while the apex of the leaves is pointed.

Fruits can be placed singly, or they can be clustered in 2 - 5 pieces. The light green bell-shaped wrap of the fruit has a velvety structure and consists of two incorrectly dissected leaves.

The nut itself can have a spherical or somewhat elongated shape, up to 18 mm in length (the diameter of the nut varies from 13 to 15 mm).

In the wild, this type of hazel is found throughout the European part of Russia, in the Crimea, the Caucasus and Western Europe.

As mentioned above, it is common hazel that is most common on the territory of Russia, and, therefore, is used in official and folk medicine. It is about this type of hazel that will be discussed later in this article.

Collecting and harvesting hazel

Where to collect?

It is recommended to collect hazel in those steppe and forest-steppe zones that are far from roads and industrial production, that is, in ecologically clean areas. Such raw materials will be as useful as possible for the body (especially when it is planned to use not only nuts as a medicinal raw material, but also the rest of the plant).

When does hazel ripen?

Hazel blooms in March - April (until the foliage blooms), while the fruits ripen from late summer to early autumn, that is, from August to September.

Signs of nut ripeness:
1. Yellowing and browning of the shell.
2. The beginning of the shedding of nuts.

When to collect hazel?

Harvesting of young hazel leaves is carried out in May.

The bark is harvested both in early spring and at the beginning of summer during sap flow, for which the branches to be removed are used.

The fruits are harvested from August to September - October (it all depends on the degree of ripeness of the nuts).

The ripeness of the fruit is evidenced by the ease of separation of the kernel from the leaf-shaped wrapper.

How to dry?

The collected raw materials (and the bark, and leaves, and the fruits of hazel) are dried in the fresh air under awnings, in the attic or in a dry, but at the same time ventilated room.

Slightly dried nuts are freed from the wrappers, after which they are finally dried so that their moisture content is no more than 12 percent. You can achieve such humidity at home by drying the raw materials for one to two weeks, while the nuts must be spread in a thin layer.

Ripe hazelnut fruits can be dried using dryers or ovens, the temperature in which should be 60 - 70 degrees.

If the fruits are harvested unripe, it is necessary to form small piles of them and leave to dry in a dry room. After oxidation of the tannins, the nutshell will turn brown. Now ripe nuts can be separated from the wrappers and dried as described above for long-term storage.

How to store hazel?

The beneficial properties of the fruits and leaves of the hazel tree retain for one year, while the bark - for two years.

In-shell nuts are stored in a cool and dark place, while peeled kernels are best kept in a sealed container in the refrigerator.

The bark of the leaves is kept in paper bags.

Composition and properties of common hazel

Protein
Action:

• participation in the process of building muscle mass;
• regulation of hormonal levels;
• transportation of hemoglobin;
• strengthening the immune system;
• improving erectile function;
• promoting the synthesis of insulin.

Fixed oils
Action:

• regulation of metabolic processes;
• the formation and restoration of tissues, as well as cells of the body;
• elimination of foci of inflammation;
• promoting wound healing;
• neutralization of the negative effects of carcinogens.

Carbohydrates
Action:

• providing the body with energy;
• normalization of the metabolic process;
• normalization of blood sugar;
• increasing the body's defenses;
• prevention of fat deposition in liver cells.

Essential oil
Action:

• normalization of the functions of the cardiovascular system;
• softening and eliminating cough;
• increased separation of both mucus and sputum from the bronchi;
• improving the functions of the gastrointestinal tract;
• elimination of inflammation.

Glycosides
Action:

• help to increase the excretion of urine;
• dilate blood vessels;
• normalize the work of the heart;
• neutralize germs;
• accelerate wound healing;
• promote the discharge of sputum;
• calm the nervous system.

Sucrose
It is the strongest immunosuppressant, which in small quantities benefits the body, and in large quantities harms, weakening immunity, destroying teeth, and contributing to obesity.

Tannin
Action:

• relieves inflammation;
• reduces the secretory function of the gastrointestinal tract;
• aids in digestion;
• neutralizes the symptoms of poisoning;
• accelerates wound healing.

Betulin
Action:

• restores lipid levels;
• normalizes metabolism;
• prevents the development of heart disease;
• prevents the formation of atherosclerotic plaques;
• lowers cholesterol levels;
• normalizes liver function;
• increases the absorption of insulin.

Flavonoids
Action:

• strengthening of blood vessels;
• calming the nervous system;
• removal of inflammation;
• increased biliary excretion;
• prevention of tumor formation.

Alkaloids
Action:

• relieve pain syndrome;
• lower blood pressure indicators;
• normalize the blood circulation process;
• contribute to the acceleration of blood clotting;
• regulate the work of the central nervous system.

Organic acids
Action:

• reduce the acidity of the stomach;
• normalize carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism;
• strengthens blood vessels;
• normalize digestion;
• prevent the deposition of salts directly in the joints;
• promote the formation of red blood cells.

Vitamin C
Action:

• lowering the concentration of uric acid;
• increasing the degree of capillary permeability;
• elimination of toxins;
• strengthening the immune system;
• promoting the formation of bone tissue;
• prevention of the development of malignant tumors.

Vitamin E
Action:

• helps to keep calcium in the body;
• optimizes metabolic intracellular processes;
• removes toxins;
• normalizes the reproductive system;
• regulates the biosynthesis of RNA, as well as proteins.

Vitamin D
Action:

• provides the body with calcium and phosphorus, without which the normal formation of the bone skeleton is impossible;
• controls the processes of collagen formation;
• promotes the maturation of cartilage tissue, as well as bone mineralization;
• strengthens the immune system;
• regulates autoimmune processes.

Minerals
Action:

• normalize the processes of hematopoiesis;
• participate in the formation and restoration of body tissues;
• normalize acid-base balance;
• normalize water exchange;
• strengthen the immune system;
• remove toxins and toxins.

B vitamins
Action:

• normalize metabolic processes (carbohydrate, protein, fat);
• stimulate nervous and muscular activity;
• normalize digestion;
• relieve muscle weakness and leg pain;
• promote concentration of attention;
• improve vision;
• promote energy production;
• normalize the work of the nervous system;
• participate in the process of hematopoiesis.

Hazel properties

• Astringent.
• Antipyretic.
• Vasodilator.
• Fortifying.
• Stimulating.
• Laxative.
• Immunomodulatory.
• Anti-inflammatory.
• Antihelminthic.
• Antidysenteric.

Useful properties of hazel nuts

Hazel nuts are a rich source of B vitamins and other beneficial biologically active substances, including fatty oils, mineral salts, saturated and unsaturated acids.

Nuts have a high degree of digestibility and balance of their constituent amino acids. It should be noted that, according to their biological properties, hazel nuts are classified as complete proteins that can serve as a significant addition to the protein component of the diet.

Important! For the highest quality assimilation of protein, it is recommended to eat nuts separately from other products (taking nuts can be combined with fruits).

Hazelnuts contain potassium, iron and cobalt, and it is these minerals that are responsible for the restoration of muscle tissue after intense physical activity.

In terms of nutritional value, the kernels of such nuts are close to fatty pork.

Nuts are recommended to be included in the diet for people suffering from vascular atherosclerosis, as well as arterial hypertension. The benefits of nuts for pregnant women are also undeniable, since hazel fruits increase lactation.

Hazelnuts contain paclitaxel, which is an anti-cancer substance, the use of which is indicated for cancer of the ovaries, esophagus and breast, with leukemia and Kaposi's sarcoma.

Nuts, ground with water, have long been treated:

• kidney and urolithiasis;
• flatulence;
• hemoptysis;
• fever.

The kernels mixed with honey are used in the treatment of anemia, goiter and rheumatism. A mixture of chopped hazelnuts and egg whites is indicated for treating burns.

Despite the high calorie content, hazelnuts are indicated for people looking to lose weight, but remember to keep in moderation. So, in small quantities, healthy fats contained in hazelnuts help accelerate the process of fat burning. Moreover, a small handful of nuts will increase the feeling of fullness, which will help get rid of problems such as overeating. Nutritionists' recommendation is 25 g of nuts as a snack.

Hazelnuts contain a fairly small amount of carbohydrates, so they can be used by people with diabetes.

Hazelnuts are very useful for children, as they help to strengthen the immune system and stimulate development.

Nuts and milk for coughs, bronchitis, pleurisy and pneumonia
A handful of chopped nuts are ground with a coffee grinder and then mixed with a glass of hot milk. The remedy is taken one fourth in a heated form three times a day, between meals.

Nuts and honey for hypovitaminosis, anemia, dystrophy and loss of strength
To prepare the product, nut kernels and honey are taken in equal quantities. The nuts are ground and mixed with honey. The resulting mixture is taken in a tablespoon three times a day, between meals.

Egg white nuts for burns
Ripe nut kernels are ground to a powder and then mixed with one fresh chicken egg white. The resulting mass is applied to the burned areas of the skin two to three times a day.

The benefits and harms of hazel

The benefits of hazel

1. Improving bowel function by stimulating its motor function.
2. Facilitating the dissolution of kidney stones.
3. Strengthening the immune system.
4. Increased lactation.
5. Acceleration of wound healing.
6. Removal of fever.
7. Increased appetite.
8. Strengthening the tone of the veins.
9. Reduced capillary permeability.
10. Prevention of the formation of cholesterol plaques.
11. Normalization of the reproductive function of the body.
12. Providing the body with energy.
13. Recuperation after intense physical and mental stress.
14. Normalization of metabolic processes.
15. Slowing down the aging process.
16. Improving blood circulation.
17. Cleansing the liver from toxins and toxins.
18. Normalization of the digestive tract.
19. Prevention of the development of cardiovascular diseases.

Hazelnuts (especially nuts) are very rich in calcium, which makes this plant a kind of "substitute" for dairy products. At the same time, the calcium contained in hazel is perfectly absorbed.

Hazel harm

It is not recommended to use hazel nuts for kidney and liver diseases. Nuts should also be excluded from the diet during exacerbation of gallbladder diseases, since it will be extremely difficult for the body to digest them.

In addition, nut kernels can provoke an exacerbation of skin diseases in general, and neurodermatitis in particular.

Infusion of leaves and bark of hazel increases blood pressure, so it is undesirable to drink it for hypertensive patients.

Treatment with hazel

Preparations with common hazel are indicated for the following pathologies:

• anemia;
• lung disease;
• fever;
• hemoptysis;
• malaria;
• enlargement of the prostate gland;
• sluggish intestinal motility;
• phlebeurysm;
• colitis;
• lazy stomach syndrome;
• trophic ulcers;
• thrombophlebitis;
• capillary hemorrhage;
• epilepsy;
• haemorrhoids;
• ascariasis;
• hypovitaminosis of group B;
• metrorrhagia;
• cough;
• pneumonia;
• flatulence;
• burns;
• hypertension;
• diabetes;
• inflammation of the genitourinary system.

Important! Hazel not only helps to cure the listed diseases and conditions, but is also an excellent prophylactic agent that helps prevent the development of diseases of the cardiovascular system, including heart attack and stroke.

Leaves

The leaves of the plant are used as an antiseptic and anti-inflammatory agent for rinsing the throat, treating hemorrhoids and skin diseases, anemia and varicose veins.

Bark

Preparations based on hazel bark are used for malaria, ascariasis, epilepsy, leg ulcers, prostatic hypertrophy, capillary
hemorrhages and periphlebitis. In the form of a plaster, hazel bark can be used for tumors.

Fruit

Fruits accelerate the process of dissolution of stones in case of urolithiasis, prevent and neutralize the accumulation of gases in the intestines, promote the excretion of phlegm from the lungs and bronchi.

Powder from dry cupule (or decoction of shell and cupule) is indicated for colitis.

Flowers

Ointment or infusion of hazel flowers helps to heal trophic ulcers and eliminate the manifestations of varicose veins.

Roots

Infusion of hazel roots helps to cure malaria. To prepare it, 20 g of chopped bark must be poured over 200 ml of boiling water. The product, infused for five hours, is filtered and drunk in a quarter of a glass four times a day.

Hazel seeds

Hazel seeds contain a large amount of fatty oil (up to 70 percent), which is very easily absorbed by the body.

The seeds are used to stimulate the production of breast milk. Also, this part of the plant helps to dissolve stones, get rid of flatulence, relieve fever, and ease the course of fever.

A mixture of hazel seeds and egg white will help heal burns.

Wood

The liquid obtained in the process of dry distillation of wood is used for various skin diseases, including eczema, neurodermatitis, streptoderma, psoriasis, epidermophytosis.

The use of common hazel in medicine

Leaf decoction

A decoction of the bark and leaves of the plant is indicated for enlargement of the prostate gland. Compresses and lotions from the aboveground part of hazel contribute to wound healing.

To prepare the broth, a tablespoon of crushed dry leaves and hazel bark is poured with 300 ml of boiling water and placed in a water bath for 15 - 20 minutes. The strained and otsuzhenny broth is taken half a glass three times a day.

An antiseptic, vasodilating and anti-inflammatory decoction can be prepared in a similar way, exclusively from the bark of the plant.

Hazel tea

Hazel leaves can be brewed like ordinary tea, for which one tablespoon of raw materials is poured with boiling water, infused for 10 minutes, filtered and drunk as a general strengthening and immunomodulating agent. If desired, sugar can be added to this tea to taste.

Infusion of hazel

Infusion from the bark will help to cope with varicose veins and capillary hemorrhages. An infusion taken internally will relieve fever and inflammation.

2 tbsp pour 500 ml of boiling water over the hazel bark and leave to infuse overnight in a hermetically sealed container. In the morning, the infusion is filtered and taken one day 15 minutes before meals.

Instead of bark, you can steam the leaves of hazel in the same way.

Tincture

Tincture of the leaves will help ease the course of diseases such as prostatitis, prostate adenoma, varicose veins and thrombophlebitis.

To prepare the tincture, 3 tablespoons. fresh leaves of the plant are poured with a glass of vodka, after which the product is infused in a warm place for two weeks. The strained tincture is taken 40 drops twice a day.

Cream with hazel

Face cream, one of the ingredients of which are hazel twigs, perfectly cleanses, strengthens and tones the skin, relieves inflammation and redness. The recipe below is suitable for all skin types and can be used daily.

Components of the cream:

• baby oil (it is desirable that it does not contain aromatic fragrances) - 4 tablespoons;
• coconut oil (can be replaced with corn, olive or any other seed oil) - 2 tablespoons;
• emulsifying wax - 1 tablespoon;
• powdered boric acid (or borax) - one fourth of a tablespoon;
• boiled water - 2 tablespoons;
• decoction of hazel branches - 1 tbsp.

In a heat-resistant bowl, the oils and wax are mixed, after which the bowl is sent to the steam bath (both the oils and the wax should melt). In a separate bowl, water is heated and mixed with borax (borax must completely dissolve). Add a decoction of hazel branches to the dish with brown, mix. Now mix the resulting composition with melted butter and wax (as a result, you should get a homogeneous mass). The cooled cream is placed in a jar, closed with a lid and placed in the refrigerator, where it is stored for no more than six days.

Hazel ointment

Hazel ointment will help heal varicose veins and trophic ulcers.

To prepare the ointment, you will need hazel earrings, which are collected in clear and dry weather.

One glass of earrings is mixed with 150 ml of butter made from hazel nuts, after which the resulting mixture is simmered in a water bath for three hours.

The mixture removed from the bath is wrung out and then reheated with a water bath (it is important not to bring the mixture to a boil). A fifth of a glass of melted, and, most importantly, natural beeswax is added to the warm mixture. All ingredients are thoroughly mixed, and then the mixture is filtered again. The resulting mass is poured into a jar and cooled.

Sick veins are daily lubricated with such an ointment, while dressings with the prepared remedy are applied to trophic ulcers.

It should be noted that the recipe for an ointment from hazel, given above, will also accelerate the healing of hemorrhoids, help to cope with prostatitis and cervical erosion (in the treatment of these diseases, tampons soaked in ointment are used).

Hazelnut oil

Especially noteworthy is the oil obtained from hazelnut kernels. This fatty oil has a pleasant taste and aroma, while its beneficial properties are in no way inferior to the popular almond oil.

Hazelnut oil is indicated for the following diseases and conditions:

• ascariasis;

So, with helminthiasis and epilepsy, oil is taken in 2 tablespoons. three times a day. In order to strengthen hair and enhance their growth, the oil is rubbed into the scalp for 15 minutes before shampooing (to enhance the effect, you can mix oil with egg white in equal proportions).

Nut oil properties:

• astringent;
• wound healing;
• antihelminthic;
• anti-inflammatory;
• tonic;
• regenerating.

Hazelnut oil is commonly used in dermatology and
In order to improve complexion, two drops of orange or cypress essential oil are added to one teaspoon of this nut oil. A few drops of the resulting oil mixture are rubbed into the skin of the face with light massaging movements.

To get rid of acne, you need a mixture of the following oils:

• hazelnut oil - 1 tablespoon;
• eucalyptus essential oil - 5 drops;
• cypress essential oil - 2 drops;
• sage essential oil - 3 drops.

The resulting aroma mixture is applied daily to a thoroughly cleansed face.

A mixture of the following oils will help to eliminate the vascular pattern on the face:

• hazelnut oil - 1 tsp;
• lemon essential oil - 3 drops;
• cypress essential oil - 3 drops.

A napkin soaked in aroma mixture is applied to problem areas of the skin. It should be noted that the course of treatment is one or more months.

Hazelnut oil will help relieve fatigue in the legs, for this you should prepare a mixture of the following components:

• hazelnut oil - 4 parts;
• sesame oil - 2 parts;
• calendula oil - 1 part;
• St. John's wort oil - 1 part.

To 2 tbsp. the resulting fat base is added 5 drops of tea tree essential oil and the same amount of lavender oil. The resulting product massages the legs until completely absorbed.

Hazel from prostatitis

Due to its anti-inflammatory and strengthening properties, hazel is used in the treatment of prostatitis, the presence of which is evidenced by the following symptoms:

• hot palms;
• a sharp change in mood;
• swollen glands in the armpits;
• bad breath.

With an exacerbation of the disease, the temperature rises, the pressure of the urine stream is weakened, urination becomes more frequent, which is also accompanied by cutting and burning in the perineum.

It must be said that the activity of sexual function reaches its apogee between 19 and 21 hours. It is during this time that sexual function is best treated.

Collection for prostatitis with hazel
Components:

• steel root - 15 g;
• erythematosus - 10 g;
• hazel bark - 15 g;
• Dubrovnik - 10 g;
• field horsetail - 10 g;
• leaves bought medicinal - 10 g;
• umbrella winter-lover - 8 g.

A tablespoon of the mixture is brewed with half a liter of boiling water, after which the agent is infused for one hour, filtered and drunk during the day in four doses (it is recommended to take the infusion one hour after a meal). The course of treatment is one month (if necessary, treatment can be repeated after 2 - 3 weeks).

You can limit yourself to a decoction of hazelnut shells. So, the shell from one kilogram of nuts is poured into 1.5 liters of boiling water and cooked over low heat until the volume of the broth decreases to one liter, after which the agent is removed from the heat, cooled and filtered. The broth is stored in the refrigerator, and 2 tablespoons are taken. no more than four times a day, 20 minutes before meals. The course of treatment with this remedy is two months, after which a break is made for one month (if necessary, the two-month course can be repeated).

Hazel leaves for prostatitis

Will help cope with prostatitis and hazel leaves, from which the infusion is prepared.

2 tbsp hazel leaves (both fresh and dried raw materials can be used) are poured with a glass of boiling water, infused until cooled, filtered and drunk in two steps.

You can also use steam baths, which will require a few fresh hazelnut sprigs. Leaves plucked from twigs are poured with water and brought to a boil (for 10 tablespoons of raw materials, 1 liter of water is used). After 20 minutes of boiling, the broth is removed from the heat and infused until it acquires a reddish-brown hue. The resulting product is poured into a bowl, over which steam baths will be taken. After 2 - 3 weeks of such procedures, prostatitis will cease to bother you.

Hazel from varicose veins

It is known that the volatile oil contained in the bark of hazel branches narrows the dilated walls of blood vessels, so this plant has been used for centuries in the treatment of varicose veins. It should be remembered that the treatment will be long enough, and therefore one should not expect instant results.

Compresses are made from finely chopped hazel bark, which are applied daily to diseased veins for seven days. Then a break is made for three months, after which the course is repeated again. It is recommended that such courses be held three times a year.

They will help to heal trophic ulcers and severe varicose veins of hazelnut kernels, which in the amount of four are fried in a dry frying pan and chopped well. The kernels are then mixed with the proteins of two hard-boiled chicken eggs. The yolks should be dried in a dry hot frying pan and also crushed into powder. Now the yolks are mixed with the nuts (the resulting product is thoroughly ground with a wooden mortar). 0.5 tsp is added to the resulting mass. iodoform powder, after which the agent is applied in a thin layer to sore spots for one hour, after which the affected areas are covered with sterile napkins, on which bandages are applied for two days. Such treatment is carried out every two days, and before applying the remedy, the ulcer should be treated with hydrogen peroxide.

Contraindications

Hazel-based preparations are contraindicated for:

• individual intolerance;
• psoriasis;
• tendency to high blood pressure.

Eating more than 50 g of nuts per day can cause headaches localized in the frontal part of the head, as well as overstrain of the intestines.

Recipes with hazel

Infusion for removing sand from the bladder

Young (not yet formed) hazel leaves in the amount of two tablespoons pour 500 ml of boiling water and leave to infuse for 12 hours (it is advisable to prepare the infusion in a thermos). The filtered infusion is taken daily for a month, 80 ml before each meal.
Medical journalist

The cultivation of walnut crops in domestic conditions became possible thanks to the imported plant varieties from East Asia and North America. The bear nut, known as arboreal hazel, is no exception. The branches of this tree are massive and rise 10 meters above the ground. The nuts are delicious and nutritious.

The bear nut has a tree structure

The bear nut is the only representative of hazel with a tree structure. This plant has strong immunity and perfectly tolerates severe frosts and summer drought.

Decorative features of tree hazel

The homeland of tree hazel is the eastern countries, but it is actively grown in the west of Russia and Ukraine. The popularity of the culture is due to its high yield and decorative features. In favorable conditions, the tree can grow up to 18–20 meters. But the temperate climate and soil quality do not allow the plant to achieve maximum growth rates. In Russia and Ukraine, you can meet hazel no more than 10 meters high.

The bear nut has a massive light brown trunk. The bark on the branches may have white blotches. Young shoots are always omitted and gray. The foliage is bright, round or heart-shaped. The tree is especially beautiful in the autumn. During this time, the foliage turns yellow, orange and red. By winter, it falls off, and the dark brown earrings remain hanging from the tree. The nut itself is bisexual: male earrings are larger than female ones.

Fruits with hard shells can be seen among the foliage. Externally, large nuts after peeling become small, similar in size to peas. The tree bears fruit annually, but the yield is variable.

The trunk of the tree-like hazel is very massive

Benefits of growing bear nuts

Treelike hazel is called bear nut because of its resistance to bad weather conditions. Hazel is not afraid of frost and tolerates the summer heat well. Treelike hazel is a long-lived tree. In its homeland, a tree can live up to 200 years. In addition to climatic endurance, the cultivation of this plant has the following advantages:

• like hazelnuts and other relatives of hazelnuts, the fruits of tree hazel are a useful nutritious product;
• the tree bears fruit annually;
• has excellent decorative features.

The fruits of the tree hazel are very tasty both fresh and cooked, but before that you need to get rid of the thick shell. In terms of their taste, bear nuts are not inferior to wild hazelnuts.

Delicate pleasant smell of nut kernels, soft structure of the fruit are appreciated by culinary experts from different countries. Small nuts are added to liver pate, vegetable and meat salads, first courses, etc.

Not only hazel nuts are valuable, but also its wood. There are many advantages to using it for construction purposes. Bearnut trunks are hard and durable. Buildings made from such a log house can stand for more than a century. Because of this, tree hazel has been listed in the Red Book for more than half a century and in nature it can be found only on the slopes of the mountains, where it is difficult to reach.

Treelike hazel nuts have a pleasant taste

Features of growing tree hazel

It is best to plant the bear nut with seedlings. The most suitable time is early autumn. The hazel will only grow in fertile soil. Before planting, prepare a hole (up to 50 cm deep) and fertilize the soil by mixing into it:

• 10 kg of humus;
• 500 g of mineral fertilizers;
• 50 g of potassium salt.

Before planting, the purchased seedlings are pruned, it is also important to prepare the root system of the tree for new conditions by dipping them in a solution of manure and clay. If you plan to plant several plants, they are placed at a distance of 3-5 meters from each other. After instillation, the nut should be well filled with water.

Caring for tree hazel is simple. The main thing is to systematically loosen the soil so that the roots of the tree receive a sufficient amount of air. Watering is recommended in dry weather. It is produced no more than 1 time per month. Watering should be avoided during the rainy season. The tree does not require a lot of moisture and itself extracts it from the soil.

Why is it worth growing tree hazel?

The bear nut, which tastes like hazelnuts, is good for your health. Growing your own fruit tree is much more economical than buying them from the store, all nuts are expensive. Already for 4-5 years of its life, tree hazel can give up to 10 kg of fruit. In mass production, from 1 hectare there are up to 5 tons of delicious nutritious nuts.

An additional advantage of the tree nut is long-term storage, which does not require pre-processing. In a dry, dark place, the fruits are stored for years without losing their beneficial properties.

The chemical composition of the product contains a large amount of trace elements (potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, etc.), a high percentage of proteins, which allows the product to be used in dietary and medical nutrition.

A tree nut is perfect as a scion for hazelnuts. But don't expect quick results. When grown outdoors, grafting materials are difficult to bond with each other, so it is best to graft in greenhouses.

Spreading

Grows in the western and eastern parts of the North Caucasus, Western, Central Transcaucasia, Upper Kartalinia, Meskhet-Javakheti. It does not form large clean stands, occurs in small groups or as part of mixed deciduous forests together with beech, oak, hornbeam, maple and other species. It is confined mainly to the middle mountain belt, but reaches an altitude of 1,700 m above sea level, and in some places drops almost to sea level. Requires rich and deep soil with adequate moisture for good growth. Frost resistant. It is found in culture in St. Petersburg and Moscow, where it periodically freezes.

Wood

Deciduous tree up to 30 (40) m high. Shoots are light gray with glandular hairs. The trunks reach a diameter of 60 (90) cm.The bark is deeply fissured dark gray. The crown is dense, broadly pyramidal. The arrangement of the leaves is alternate. Leaves are simple, rounded, broadly ovoid or oval, pointed at the apex, medullary at the base, doubly obtuse-toothed along the edge with large lobed teeth, 7-12 cm long and 5-9 cm wide, dark green, pubescent from above, hairy below veins. The petiole is up to 4.5 cm long. The flowers are dioecious. Stamens are collected in long (10 cm) brownish-red catkins, pistillate - in small bunches. Blooms in March-April. Fruits are single-celled, single-seeded nuts, clustered in several together. The wrapper (plyusa) is felted, much longer than the nut. Nuts ripen in September-October. The walnut shell is very hard. Propagated by seeds and layering. Hazel has long been used as a fruit tree. Nuts have a pleasant taste and are very nutritious, they contain up to 62% fat. Their disadvantage is their small size and hard shell. Trees are decorative and of interest for landscaping. A powerful root system makes it possible to use tree hazel in soil-protective plantations. It is interesting for breeders as a nut tree with powerful growth. It is listed in the Red Book.

Wood

Reddish in color, dense, heavy, fine-grained.

Drying

Dries well, no cracking.

Botanical name: Hazel or Hazel (Corylus). Genus Leshchina, Birch family. The genus has 20 species.

Homeland of hazel: East Asia, North America.

Lighting: photophilous.

The soil: deep, light, nutritious loams.

Watering: moderate.

Maximum tree height: 10 m.

Average life expectancy: 80 years old.

Landing: seeds, grafting, layering.

The plant got its name for its large leaves, shaped like a fish bream.

Hazel is a tree or shrub up to 7, less often up to 10 m with twig-like branches covered with brown bark with white lenticels. Young shoots are gray, pubescent. The kidneys are rounded, slightly compressed. The leaves are large, broadly oval, cordate, dark green. In autumn, they acquire golden yellow, red, orange tones.

Flowers are dioecious. Male ones are collected in cylindrical earrings, up to 5 cm long. Formed on short branches, develop in autumn, bloom in early spring before the leaves appear. Sit alone in the axils of the bracts. The female flowers resemble buds. Collected in inflorescences "by two".

The fruit is a single-seeded, brown-yellow, edible nut with a ligneous pericarp, surrounded by a hard shell. Seed without protein, with thick, oily cotyledons. The fruits ripen in August-September.

Fruiting in the 7-8 year of the tree's life. Harvest years alternate with lean years.

What a hazel tree looks like can be seen in the following photos:

Photo gallery

Hazel - a tree or a bush?

The hazel plant is common in Asia Minor, the Balkans, Iran, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia, Ukraine and Belarus. In Russia, it grows wild in the Caucasus and Transcaucasia.

Hazel grows in the forest-steppe, in mountainous and deciduous forests, found along ravines, on forest edges. It can form dense thickets. Inhabits along the banks of rivers, streams, along gullies, where there is a large amount of moisture. In the Caucasus, it rises to an altitude of 1700 m. Prefers deep, fresh, humus-rich, calcareous, well-moistened soils. Does not tolerate salinization and soil compaction.

Drought-resistant, shade-tolerant, rapidly growing and developing. Withstands frosts down to -30 ° C and below. In severe winters, with long, severe frosts, shoots can be damaged.

In nature, it reproduces by pneumatic shoots and root suckers. In culture - by seeds, layering, grafting.

Below are more photos of the hazel plant:

Photo gallery

Tree hazel tree and its photo

Treelike hazel or Bear walnut (Corylus colurna) is a type of hazel. The tallest species of hazel. It is a deciduous tree or shrub up to 30 m high. The crown is symmetrical, dense, pyramidal, dense.

The trunk is straight, up to 90 cm in diameter, coming from the very top of the crown. The bark is whitish-gray, with deep longitudinal grooves and separating plates. The root system is pivotal, deep, without root suckers. Annual shoots are yellowish-gray, pubescent. The buds are oblong, ovate, with reddish-brown pubescent scales.

The leaves are round or oval, up to 12 cm long, up to 9 cm wide, dark green, with a heart-shaped base, double-toothed along the edge. Young leaves are fleecy, later glabrous. Attached to petioles 1.5-4 cm long. Treelike hazel leaves retain their green color until late autumn.

Flowers are male and female. Male flowers are collected in earrings up to 10 cm long, female flowers are hidden in small buds. Blossoming in March-April.

The fruit is a small, spherical, laterally flattened nut with a hard, thick shell, up to 2 cm in length. Inside contains one seed. Fruits are collected in 3-8 pieces. The walnut is enclosed in a dense, velvety, wide-open cupule. Ripens in September-October. Fruiting is irregular. Abundant harvests are taken every 3 years.

When propagated by seeds, tree hazel begins to bear fruit after 5-6 years, with vegetative propagation - after 3-4 years. Long-liver. Lives up to 200 years. The people are called "bear nut".

Along with the tree, common hazel, large and variegated, is widespread in Russia.

A photo of tree hazel is presented in the gallery below:

When you first hear the name "bear nut", something big and impressive immediately appears. And indeed it is. Bear walnut, or Hazel tree (Corylus colurna) is the only representative of the genus hazel, whose life form is not a bush, but a tree. And the tree is huge! An adult plant is superior in height and width to adjacent oaks and hornbeams. But this is not the only reason why the nut is called bearish ...

In nature, the bear nut grows in the Caucasus, Asia Minor and the Balkans. It rises into the mountains at an altitude of 1800 m above sea level.

The wood has very valuable qualities: it is dense, thin-layered, strong, with a beautiful pink tint. Such wood is used for decoration of ceremonial halls, fashionable salons, cabins, it is highly valued in the furniture industry. These properties became the reason for the extermination of tree hazel, and now it is listed in the Red Book.

Bearish size and strength!

In adulthood, the tree nut grows up to 30 m, has a dense wide-pyramidal crown. Only three people can grasp the trunk with their hands. Life expectancy is over two hundred years.

In nature, this hazel grows in the mountains, where rain streams strive to wash away young seedlings from the slopes. But with bearish strength and tenacity, the trees hold on to the stones. Thanks to this, the nut was not completely cut down, and it survived in the inaccessible mountain gorges.

Treelike hazel is native to the southern regions, however, it does not take endurance. It is very winter-hardy, withstands our frosts up to 40 degrees. Preserves foliage for a long time in autumn (photo 4). Also, the tree is drought-resistant, successfully resists pests and diseases.

To preserve the species, the bear nut was planted in many botanical gardens in Russia. In particular, he grows in the botanical garden of the Medical Academy. Sechenov (Moscow). Despite our climate, the tree has grown strong, as befits the representatives of the bear breed.

The botanical garden is located in the middle of a metropolis, and the bear nut is resistant to urban conditions. In photo 1, the tallest tree (in the center) is a bear nut.

Special beauty

Large trees are especially decorative. They inspire admiration for their power and conquer with greatness.

A thick trunk with a rough bark just attracts, you just want to lean against it in order to recharge with energy (photo 3).

Bear walnut is decorative not only in summer but also in winter. At this time, he is adorned with many brown earrings.

In the spring, the tree is covered with bright green foliage. The light foliage and the rough texture of the wood give an extraordinary contrast and attract attention.

And bear nuts!

In shape and size, nuts are similar to ordinary hazel or hazelnuts, but the wrapper (plus) is much larger and thicker. The leaves of the envelope are long, deeply cut into small segments. By autumn, they become tough, like thorns.

Nuts grow together in 3-7 pieces, which makes the fruits seem even larger. They ripen in September. But don't try to gnaw them with your teeth! Only a bear can do it! The shell is very strong, and pliers are indispensable here. It is because of this that this type of hazel was named bear nut.

The kernel is very tasty, oily, the oil content is up to 62%, there are also proteins, sugars, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and vitamins.

In nature, the harvest season occurs in 2-3 years. Good harvest this year.

Planting and leaving

Growing from seeds is no different from planting ordinary hazel. They sprout after stratification. It can be carried out under the snow by burying boxes of nuts in the ground.

Rodent protection must be provided! By some miracle, they are able to crack open a bear nut and destroy its contents. You can cover with spruce or juniper spruce branches (pine does not save) and put poisoned baits. Another way to stratify is in the cellar.

For sowing, you need to have at least a few nuts, since not all of them germinate.

In the early years, young plants are weakly hardy. They hibernate painlessly only in the North Caucasus, Belarus, Kursk, Voronezh, Lipetsk, Rostov regions. In the northern regions, for the winter, you need to mulch the trunk circle with peat, compost or dry leaves with a layer of at least 8 cm.

In parks where the soil is covered with natural leaf fall, these measures are not required. This is how the bear nut grew in Moscow. In the botanical garden of the medical academy, he overtook the nearby trees, justifying his specific epithet (photo 1).

If the first winter turns out to be severe, then the seedlings may freeze slightly. After that, they turn into a bushy form and give several trunks. In this form, the bear nut grows in the Botanical Garden of the UNN, in Nizhny Novgorod. Winter hardiness increases with age. Plants bloom and bear fruit. Fruiting occurs in 15-20 years. Fallen nuts are self-seeding.

To accelerate growth and increase the winter hardiness of seedlings, it is advisable to water young plants. Mature trees have enough rainfall.

Where to plant?

You need to plant a bear nut in a spacious area. It is not suitable for small gardens, as the crown gives a lot of shade.

Where to plant such a tree? Plant outside the garden, or perhaps at the edge of the forest. This is the same noble impulse when a tree is planted "just like that" not an apple or pear that will bear fruit, but a tree that one can be proud of. Remember how it is said: "Everyone should plant a tree" ...

In addition, there are many areas in cities where there is sufficient space. For example, in England, America, Israel there is a tradition of planting trees in parks, squares, along roads.

We also have such a tradition. But after the "subbotnik" on planting trees, they are usually forgotten, and the seedlings are taken over by the city.

We know how city services look after plants ...

But in Israel, each tree has its own owner. The one who planted water the plant and monitors it throughout its life. In some places, they even put up signs with the inscription who planted this plant.

The bear nut lives for 200 years. Imagine, you have planted a plant that your children and grandchildren can admire ...

All the bear nut requires is care for the first two years so that the seedlings overwinter well. In the future, he grows himself.

If there is an opportunity to plant this giant nut, it will be a good contribution to the conservation of the Red Data Book species. You need to look for planting material in botanical gardens.

N. Petrenko,

photo from the collection of the Botanical Garden of the First Medical Academy. Sechenov, Moscow