FROMthe market situation in recent months has forced many companies to revise their current development goals, switching to a saving mode, which will help them to reduce consumer demand with minimal losses. Nevertheless, even in today's difficult time, there are players on the cookware market who invest their efforts and resources in expanding their business, mastering new technologies, and expanding their client base. One of such examples is Biol company, which at the last exhibition not only declared its ambitions to become a leading player in the new cast iron cookware market, but also reinforced them with convincing arguments, presenting a wide range of cast iron cookware, attractive prices and going out significant production volumes for this market segment. Oleg Dunaev, Director of Biol, said about the production and promotion of cast iron utensils in an exclusive interview with our site, which took place at the Moscow HouseHold Expo exhibition.

  - At the last two exhibitions of HouseHold Expo, cast-iron utensils were already presented at your stands, but occupied a modest place. Judging by the stand of this year, in a year in the production of pig iron you have come quite far?

- Yes, in the last year since the last HouseHold Expo, we concentrated our efforts mainly on the production of cast-iron cookware and achieved some success. Today we have almost completely debugged the foundry production of cast iron utensils and created an almost complete assortment line with which we will work with in the coming years. Now we are preparing the next steps - applying different coatings to cast iron dishes. It is planned that these will be both classic enamel coatings and non-stick coatings. Now we are pretty closely communicating on this topic with our partners - Weilburger Coatings and Ferro companies and hope to introduce cast-iron cookware with different coating options by next year.

- As you know, there are different technologies for the production of cast iron cookware. Which of them does Biol use?

Our cast iron cookware is produced by casting in a chill mold. Unlike the common sand casting technology, chill casting allows you to get products with a better surface with a minimal number of defects and low porosity.

There are many things in common with the use of cast iron and cast aluminum cookware. Here, the thickness of the bottom and walls is of paramount importance, the quality of the fittings and packaging affects the cost. Our cookware was originally made with the aim that we will continue to make it with different coatings, and when choosing technologies and components used, we took into account all our long experience in manufacturing cast non-stick aluminum cookware. For example, we have developed special removable handles for cast iron, which, on the one hand, are high-quality and beautiful, and on the other hand, they are reliable and will fit well into various production chains.

As soon as we have equipment for coating cast-iron utensils, we will be able to experiment with all the forms we have. This will give us flexibility and the ability to produce the right products in the right volumes with a particular coating, or without coating, as the client wants.

If we talk about the source of raw materials, then we produce our dishes from cast iron (there is pig iron and foundry) of six grades L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6. All of them are suitable for making dishes and meet hygiene requirements.

  - What assortment of cast-iron cookware “Biol” do you offer today to customers?

We are now ready to offer more than 30 different positions. These are the frying pans of the two Classic and Optima series with removable handles of the most popular diameters from 22 to 26 cm, fryers, pots with cast-iron and glass covers, cauldrons. There are also unique products in the assortment, for example, a grill pan with a press. We can say that our assortment is formed by ninety percent. The plans still have an expansion of the line of Asian cauldrons with products of large sizes (up to 100 liters), which are in good demand.

  - Is it hard to promote cast iron utensils?

At the very beginning of the launch of our cast iron cookware program, we had to make some efforts, since the product was new and the range was narrow. Now the main problem is the increase in production. Today we sell everything we can do, while a certain part of the demand remains unsatisfied. If we talk about the current volumes, today we produce about 120 tons of cast iron utensils per month and in the near future we set the task to significantly increase this indicator.

  - Your cast iron cookware is very similar to your cast aluminum cookware. Was this done on purpose?

When designing forms, we proceeded from the fact that the brand must confirm its authenticity. Therefore, the appearance of pans made of cast aluminum and cast iron is very similar. In addition, this is due to technical features. So, for our dishes we use lids made of heat-resistant glass from the Czech factory Kavalier, respectively, the shape of pans and pans should fit under these lids.

We have been working with cast aluminum cookware for a long time and we know very well which shapes and diameters are most in demand among buyers. Therefore, the formation of an assortment of cast iron utensils did not cause us big problems and searches - we rely on those positions that will definitely sell well.

  - Cast iron cookware is currently on the market in a wide variety of segments - from economy to premium. Which customer is your cookware designed for and with whom will you compete?

We strive to ensure that our cast iron is affordable and costs close to Chinese. This is necessary to feel confident in the market. Deliveries of pig iron from China usually go in waves - then everyone brought it, and there are times when no one has it, and everyone starts to worry and think about how to bring it. Therefore, our task is to make Biol cast iron cookware competitive with Chinese. Naturally, cast iron of very poor quality can be brought from China, which will be cheaper than ours, but with comparable quality we must fall at this price.

Recently, the so-called “lightweight cast iron” has also appeared on the market. Do you plan to develop in this direction?

It is more correct to call such cast iron thin-walled, because its specific gravity does not differ from the specific gravity of ordinary cast iron. To obtain cast iron dishes with thin walls, it is necessary to use a slightly different technology using a press. We took thin-walled cast-iron dishes for testing and tested them in the laboratory. The so-called "lightweight cast iron" in its functional properties is close to carbon steel. But from the point of view of cost and production technologies, it is more rational to immediately make pans from carbon steel, rather than engage in expensive technology for thinning cast iron, worsening its consumer properties, since all the advantages of cast iron are precisely in the thick bottom and walls, high heat capacity and slow heating.

This is a situation of character with regard to aluminum utensils. You can greatly reduce the thickness of, for example, our cast aluminum cookware, making it as thin as stamping. But immediately all the advantages of molded dishes are lost, despite the fact that at a price such dishes will be more expensive than stamping. The same principle applies in the opposite direction. If you take a sheet of aluminum of large thickness, say, 4 mm, and make a frying pan out of it, then with comparable properties in terms of heat distribution, no overheating, anti-deformation properties, such dishes will be close to cast, but at a cost it will turn out to be more expensive.

So far, technologies themselves determine the boundaries beyond which there are no special reasons. Therefore, we do not yet see rational reasons for the fascination with thin-walled cast iron. In pursuit of fashion, you can make some products, but this, as a rule, entails a lot of difficulties, as consumers get dishes that are inconvenient to use.

  - Where today you can buy cast-iron dishes "Biol"?

All our main Russian partners are already working with cast iron utensils. Cast iron is also in the warehouse of our Russian representative office in Belgorod - the South-West Trading Company. For Ukrainian buyers there is the opportunity to purchase any batches of our products through the company’s online store.

Well, the last question is: do buyers of Biol products suffer from events in Ukraine? Are goods being delivered?

Yes, deliveries are underway. We had small problems in the summer associated with tightening the passage of goods across the border, but we solved them and today the goods arrive to our buyer in Russia on schedule. The only political situation that has developed around Ukraine is alarming and a feeling of uncertainty. But while we work, as we worked.

Owners of patent RU 2340272:

The group of inventions relates to cast iron cookware and a method for its manufacture. Cast iron cookware is made in the form of a cup-shaped casting made of gray cast iron, on the surface of which a protective coating of iron oxide Fe 3 O 4 is formed. A method of manufacturing cast iron cookware includes casting gray cast iron, removing gates and scoring, grinding, grinding, sandblasting the casting and forming a protective coating of iron oxide Fe 3 O 4 on the casting by heating and immersing in oil. When casting gray cast iron, silicon is introduced into the composition of the charge in an amount of at least 4.1% in proportion to the mass of cast iron cookware. After grinding, at least two times are performed, graphitizing annealing of the casting at a temperature of 680 ÷ 800 ° C for 0.5 ÷ 1.0 hours, followed by cooling in air until a gray discoloration is achieved. The technical result is to ensure the stability of material properties, geometric parameters and the shape of the dishes, as well as to increase the adhesion strength of the oxide film with the metal. 2 n. and 1 z.p. f-ly.

The group of inventions relates to cast iron kitchenware for cooking, baking and frying foods, as well as to methods for its manufacture.

In the prior art, cast-iron cookware made in the form of a bowl-shaped casting made of gray cast iron is known on the surface of which a protective coating is formed in the form of an enamel layer / GOST 24303-80. Houseware cast iron enameled. General technical requirements, analogue.

A method for manufacturing cast iron cookware is known from the prior art, including casting gray cast iron into a casting mold to produce a cup-shaped casting, removing gates, scoring, grinding, grinding, sandblasting the casting and forming a protective coating on the casting in the form of an enamel layer / Reference for iron casting. Edited by Dr. Tech. Sciences N.G. Girshovich. - 3rd ed., Revised. and add. - L .: Mechanical engineering. Leningrad, detached, 1978.- 758 p., P. 642-645, analogue.

The formation of a protective coating on the casting includes applying the soil and firing, as well as applying enamel and firing.

The application of enamel and firing is repeated 3-5 times.

The disadvantage of such cast-iron cookware and the method of manufacturing this cast-iron cookware is the formation of defects on the enamel coating of cast-iron cookware in the form of bubbles, injections, spalls and cracks.

The first two defects are associated with gas generation during firing, the last - with stresses that occur during the temperature treatment of food in the aforementioned cast iron utensils, at the interface of cast iron-enamel materials due to differences in the expansion coefficients of cast iron and enamel.

In addition, with a significant degree of oxidation of the surface of the cast iron, a thick easily detachable scale layer forms, resulting in a decrease in the adhesion of soil and enamel.

This reduces the strength of the enamel coating and the service life of cast iron cookware with a protective coating applied in this way.

The cast iron cookware made in the form of a cup-shaped casting made of gray cast iron, on the surface of which a protective coating in the form of a layer of preservation grease consisting of 50% paraffin and 50% medical vaseline is also known from the prior art. PCT of the Ukrainian SSR 114-88. Ware cast iron black. General technical conditions, items 1.2., 2.2.2., 2.3.1., 2.5.1., Analogue /.

The prior art also known a method of manufacturing cast iron cookware, including casting gray cast iron in a mold to obtain a bowl-shaped casting, removing sprues, scoring, grinding, grinding, sandblasting the casting and applying a protective coating to the casting in the form of a layer of preservation grease consisting of 50% paraffin and 50% medical vaseline / PCT URSR 114-88. Ware cast iron black. General specifications, clause 2.5.1., Analogue /.

The disadvantages of such cast-iron cookware and the method of manufacturing this cast-iron cookware are the low efficiency of the corrosion resistance of the protective coating, made in the form of applied preservation grease, both during transportation and during operation of cast iron cookware.

As a result, the service life of cast iron cookware with a protective coating applied in this way is significantly reduced.

The cast iron cookware, which is closest in purpose and in number of common features, made in the form of a bowl-shaped casting made of gray cast iron, on the surface of which a protective coating of iron oxide Fe 3 O 4 / UA 56079 A (SONKIN A.L. ), 04/15/2003, the closest analogue prototype /.

The casting is made of gray cast iron containing silicon in an amount of 2.5-4.0%.

The prior art also knows the method of manufacturing cast iron utensils closest in purpose and in number of common features, including casting gray cast iron into a mold for cup-shaped casting, removing gates, scoring, grinding, grinding, sandblasting the casting and forming a protective coating of oxide on the casting iron Fe 3 O 4 by heating and immersion in oil / UA 56079 A (SONKIN A.L.), 04/15/2003, the closest analogue prototype /.

When casting gray iron into a mold to obtain a bowl-shaped casting, silicon is introduced into the composition of the charge in an amount of 2.5-4.0%.

When forming a protective coating of iron oxide Fe 3 O 4, it is heated to a temperature of 830-900 ° C.

The disadvantages of such cast iron cookware and the method of manufacturing this cast iron cookware is its low corrosion resistance in the preparation of food products containing organic acids, including citric, acetic and lactic acids.

This is explained by the fact that the composition of the charge includes silicon in an insufficient amount (2.5-4.0%).

As a result, the low silicon content in gray cast iron does not allow for a more stable content and reduces carbon activity, which leads to a high oxidation state of cast iron and has a great effect on the composition of the oxide film (iron oxide Fe 3 O 4) on the casting surface.

This does not allow to achieve high adhesion of the oxide film to the metal and reduces the service life of cast iron cookware.

In addition, at the selected temperature range of heating of 830-900 ° C, the cast iron is excessively heated, becomes ductile and “floats”, distorting the initial shape of the casting.

As a result, the geometric parameters and shape of the casting are violated, and the high quality of cast-iron cookware obtained in this way is not achieved, which reduces its operational properties.

The technical problem to which the invention is directed is in cast iron cookware and a method for manufacturing cast iron cookware by means of casting of gray cast iron with a high silicon content to provide a more stable content for increasing carbon activity and its complete conversion to graphite during heat treatment of the casting in optimal conditions .

The technical result that is achieved when solving the technical problem is to ensure the stability of the material properties, geometric parameters and the shape of the dishes, as well as to increase the adhesion strength of the oxide film to the metal, which increases the corrosion resistance to organic acids of the coating, service life, quality and operational properties of cast iron cookware.

The technical task is solved, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that in cast iron cookware made in the form of a cup-shaped casting made of gray cast iron, on the surface of which a protective coating of iron oxide Fe 3 O 4 is formed, according to the invention, the casting is made of gray cast iron, containing silicon in an amount of not less than 4.1%.

The increased silicon content (at least 4.1%) in gray cast iron leads to a more stable content, due to which the carbon activity in the process of manufacturing cast iron cookware increases and it is possible to completely turn it into graphite during heat treatment of the casting under optimal heating conditions.

This ensures stable properties of the material of the dishes and a dense coating with high protective properties.

The stated technical problem is solved, and the technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the method of manufacturing cast iron cookware, including casting gray cast iron in a mold to obtain a cup-shaped casting, removing gates and scoring, grinding, grinding, sandblasting the casting and forming a protective coating from the casting silicon oxide Fe 3 O 4 by heating and immersion in oil, according to the invention, when casting gray cast iron in a mold to obtain a bowl-shaped casting, silicon is introduced into the charge At least 4.1%, and after grinding, at least two times are performed, graphitizing annealing of the casting at a temperature of 680-800 ° C for 0.5-1.0 hours, followed by cooling in air until a gray discoloration is achieved .

The introduction in the composition of the charge of silicon in an increased amount (not less than 4.1%) leads to a more stable content in cast iron, which increases the activity of carbon in the manufacturing process of cast iron utensils and the possibility of its complete conversion to graphite during heat treatment of castings in the proposed optimal heating conditions.

A multi-stage annealing of the casting after grinding and before sandblasting at a temperature of 680-800 ° C for 0.5-1.0 hours, followed by cooling in air until a gray discolouration is achieved, ultimately provides stable properties of the cookware material and dense oxide film with high protective properties when forming a protective coating, which improves the operational properties of cast iron utensils.

The selected temperature regime of graphitizing annealing of 680-800 ° C of the casting was determined empirically and is optimal for obtaining the best conditions for complete graphitization of carbon, stabilization of the properties of the casting material, geometric parameters and the shape of the dishes, as well as increasing the adhesion strength of the oxide film to the metal when forming a protective coating .

It was experimentally established that the choice of the temperature of the graphitizing annealing of the casting below 680 ° C is not advisable, since in this case the carbon graphitization process slows down, as a result of which the stabilization of the properties of the casting material is not achieved and the adhesion of the oxide film to the metal decreases when the protective coating is formed.

It was also experimentally established that the choice of the temperature of the graphitizing annealing of the casting above 800 ° C is also not advisable, since in this case the cast iron is excessively heated, becomes ductile and “floats”, distorting the original shape of the casting, resulting in a decrease in the quality of cast iron cookware.

In addition, at a selected temperature of 680-800 ° C, the casting acquires a crimson tint color, which allows additional visual control of the temperature regime of graphitizing annealing, which is an additional technical result.

A method of manufacturing cast iron cookware has other differences that are used in individual cases of its implementation to improve the technical result.

So, in the method of manufacturing cast iron cookware, according to the invention, when forming a protective coating of iron oxide Fe 3 O 4 on a casting, it is heated to a temperature of 680-800 ° C.

The selected temperature range of heating 680-800 ° C of the casting was determined empirically and is optimal for obtaining the best ratio of corrosion resistance, stabilization of design geometric parameters and shape, service life and quality of cast iron cookware made in this way.

At a casting heating temperature of more than 800 ° C, the cast iron is excessively heated, becomes ductile and “floats”, distorting the initial shape of the casting, and the thickness of the oxide film layer increases excessively, which also reduces the corrosion resistance of the protective coating, as well as the service life and quality of cast iron cookware .

At the selected temperature mode of heating of 680-800 ° C, the casting acquires a crimson tint color, according to which the temperature mode of its heating is additionally visually controlled.

Thus, through the manufacture of gray iron castings with a high silicon content, a more stable content is provided to increase carbon activity and its complete conversion to graphite during heat treatment of the casting in the proposed optimal heating conditions.

This allows you to ensure the stability of the material properties, geometric parameters and the shape of the dishes, as well as to increase the adhesion of the oxide film to the metal, which increases the corrosion resistance to organic acids of the coating, the service life, quality and performance properties of cast iron dishes.

The prior art, the applicant has not identified solutions that match the combination of common and distinctive essential features of improved cast iron cookware and an improved method for manufacturing cast iron cookware, based on which we can conclude that the claimed technical solutions of this group of inventions are not part of the prior art and meet the criteria of the invention novelty".

The prior art, the applicant also did not identify solutions that match the distinctive essential features of improved cast iron cookware and an improved method for the manufacture of cast iron cookware.

Based on this, we can conclude that the claimed technical solutions of this group of inventions for a specialist are not obvious, that is, they do not come up from the prior art and meet the criteria of the invention "inventive step".

In a specific embodiment, the inventive cast iron cookware is made in the form of a cup-shaped casting made of gray cast iron, on the surface of which a protective coating of iron oxide Fe 3 O 4 is formed.

The casting is made of gray cast iron containing silicon in an amount of at least 4.1%.

Carbon in cast iron is in the form of graphite.

The metal base of cast iron is ferrite.

In a specific embodiment, the inventive method for the manufacture of such cast-iron cookware is as follows.

For casting cast iron utensils, gray cast iron is used, the chemical composition of which includes iron, and also in quantities permitted by the health authorities, carbon, silicon, manganese, phosphorus and sulfur with an acceptable content of chromium, nickel and copper.

First, a mixture is prepared for melting gray cast iron, into which the necessary components are introduced to produce cast iron with the necessary chemical composition.

Silicon in the composition of the charge is introduced in an amount of not less than 4.1%.

The amount of silicon is selected in proportion to the weight of the cast iron cookware.

For small cast iron dishes, such as pancake pans, silicon is introduced in an amount close to 4.1%.

The greater the mass of cast iron cookware, the greater the amount of silicon introduced into the charge to improve the filling of the mold with molten cast iron.

For example, for a pan, silicon is added in an amount close to 7.0%.

After the charge is melted, gray iron is cast into a mold to produce a bowl-shaped casting.

In practice, cast iron utensils use gray cast iron with mainly the following chemical composition (in percent):

The presence of chromium up to 0.2%, nickel up to 0.3% and copper up to 0.5% is allowed.

Cup-shaped castings are used for the manufacture of various cast-iron kitchen utensils, including:

round pan with one handle;

round pan with two handles;

round pancake pan with one handle;

round skillet pan with one handle;

round stewpan pan with two handles;

frying pan with two handles;

pan with a lid;

other dishes.

Then the casting is subjected to mechanical processing, in which the gates, scoring, grinding and grinding of the surface are successively removed.

After grinding, at least two times are performed, graphitizing annealing of the casting at a temperature of 680-800 ° C for 0.5-1.0 hours, followed by cooling in air until a gray discoloration is achieved.

This temperature regime of graphitizing annealing of 680-800 ° С of the casting is optimal to obtain the best conditions for complete graphitization of carbon, stabilization of the properties of the casting material, geometrical parameters and the shape of the dishes, as well as increasing the adhesion of the oxide film to the metal when forming a protective coating of iron oxide Fe 3 O 4.

When the temperature of the graphitizing annealing of the casting is less than 680 ° C, the carbon graphitization process slows down, as a result of which the properties of the casting material are not stabilized and the adhesion of the oxide film to the metal decreases when a protective coating of iron oxide Fe 3 O 4 is formed.

At a temperature of graphitizing annealing of the casting greater than 800 ° С, the process is also not expedient, since in this case the cast iron is excessively heated, becomes ductile and “floats”, distorting the initial shape of the casting, resulting in a decrease in the quality of cast iron cookware.

After that, sandblasting of the surface is carried out on a sandblasting unit and formation of a protective coating of iron oxide Fe 3 O 4 on the casting by heating it in a heating device and immersing in oil.

When forming a protective coating of iron oxide Fe 3 O 4, it is heated to a temperature of 680-800 ° C.

This temperature range of heating 680-800 ° C of cast iron is optimal for obtaining the best ratio of corrosion resistance, stabilization of design geometric parameters and shape, service life and quality of cast iron cookware made in this way.

When the casting heating temperature is less than 680 ° C, the thickness of the oxide film layer decreases excessively, as a result of which the corrosion resistance of the protective coating, as well as the service life and quality of cast iron cookware, are reduced.

At a casting heating temperature of more than 800 ° C, the cast iron is excessively heated, becomes ductile and “floats”, distorting the original shape of the casting, and the thickness of the oxide film layer increases excessively, resulting in a decrease in the corrosion resistance of the protective coating, as well as the service life and quality of cast iron cookware.

At the selected temperature mode of heating of 680-800 ° С of gray cast iron, the casting acquires a crimson tint color, according to which the temperature mode of its heating is additionally visually controlled.

The invention is illustrated by examples 1-5 of the implementation of the method of manufacturing cast iron cookware with various temperature conditions for heating the casting.

Cast iron cookware was made - a pancake pan made in the form of a cup-shaped casting made of gray cast iron, on the surface of which a protective coating of iron oxide Fe 3 O 4 was formed.

The casting was made of gray cast iron containing 4.0% silicon.

After grinding, graphitizing annealing of the casting was performed once at a temperature of 670 ° C for 0.4 hours, followed by cooling in air until a gray discoloration was achieved.

When forming a protective coating of iron oxide Fe 3 O 4, it was heated to a temperature of 670 ° C and immersed in oil.

At this temperature, a one-time graphitizing annealing of the casting for 0.4 hours, followed by cooling in air until a gray discoloration occurs, the carbon graphitization process was slowed down, as a result of which the properties of the casting material were not stabilized and the adhesion strength of the oxide film to the metal decreased during the formation of a protective coating of iron oxide Fe 3 O 4.

However, the thickness of the oxide film layer decreased, resulting in a decrease in the corrosion resistance of the protective coating and the service life of cast iron cookware.

Cast iron cookware was made - a pancake pan with a small mass, made in the form of a bowl-shaped casting made of gray cast iron, on the surface of which a protective coating of iron oxide Fe 3 O 4 was formed.

The casting was made of gray cast iron containing silicon in an amount of 4.1%.

A method of manufacturing such a cast-iron cookware included all operations of the proposed method.

After grinding, graphitizing annealing of the casting was performed twice at a temperature of 680 ° C for 0.5 hours, followed by cooling in air until a gray discoloration was achieved.

When forming a protective coating of iron oxide Fe 3 O 4, it was heated to a temperature of 680 ° C and immersed in oil.

At this temperature, a two-time graphitizing annealing of the casting for 0.5 hours, followed by cooling in air until a gray discoloration is achieved, the carbon graphitization process is activated, as a result of which the properties of the casting material are stabilized and the adhesion of the oxide film to the metal is increased when forming a protective coating of oxide iron Fe 3 O 4.

In this mode of heating and immersion in oil, the initial geometric parameters and the shape of the casting did not change and corresponded to its design values.

The strength of the protective coating, as well as the quality and performance of cast iron cookware obtained in this way, are satisfactory.

Cast iron cookware was made - a stewpan pan with an average weight, made in the form of a bowl-shaped casting made of gray cast iron, on the surface of which a protective coating of iron oxide Fe 3 O 4 was formed.

The casting was made of gray cast iron containing silicon in an amount of 5.5%.

A method of manufacturing such a cast-iron cookware included all operations of the proposed method.

After grinding, graphitizing annealing of the casting was performed twice at a temperature of 740 ° C for 0.75 hours, followed by cooling in air until a gray discoloration was achieved.

When forming a protective coating of iron oxide Fe 3 O 4, it was heated to a temperature of 740 ° C and immersed in oil.

At this temperature, a two-time graphitizing annealing of the casting for 0.75 hours, followed by cooling in air until a gray tint is achieved, the graphitization process of carbon was further activated.

In this mode of heating and immersion in oil, the initial geometric parameters and the shape of the casting did not change and corresponded to its design values.

The thickness of the oxide film layer increased, as a result of which the corrosion resistance of the protective coating and the service life of cast iron cookware increased.

A method of manufacturing such a cast-iron cookware included all operations of the proposed method.

After grinding, graphitizing annealing of the casting was performed three times at a temperature of 800 ° C for 1.0 hour, followed by cooling in air until a gray discoloration was achieved.

At this temperature, a three-time graphitizing annealing of the casting for 1.0 hour, followed by cooling in air until a gray tint is achieved, the graphitization process of carbon was further activated.

As a result of this, complete stabilization of the properties of the casting material was achieved and the adhesion of the oxide film to the metal was increased during the formation of a protective coating of iron oxide Fe 3 O 4.

In this mode of heating and immersion in oil, the initial geometric parameters and the shape of the casting did not change and corresponded to its design values.

The thickness of the oxide film layer increased, as a result of which the corrosion resistance of the protective coating and the service life of cast iron cookware increased.

The strength of the protective coating, as well as the quality and performance of cast iron cookware obtained in this way, are good.

Cast iron cookware was made — a pan with an average weight made in the form of a bowl-shaped casting made of gray cast iron, on the surface of which a protective coating of iron oxide Fe 3 O 4 was formed.

The casting was made of gray cast iron containing silicon in an amount of 7.0%.

A method of manufacturing such a cast-iron cookware included all operations of the proposed method.

After grinding, graphitizing annealing of the casting was performed three times at a temperature of 810 ° C for 1.1 hours, followed by cooling in air until a gray discoloration was achieved.

In this mode of graphitizing annealing, the cast iron was excessively heated, became ductile and “floated”, distorting the initial casting shape, and the oxide film layer increased excessively, resulting in a decrease in corrosion resistance and the service life of the protective coating.

When forming a protective coating of iron oxide Fe 3 O 4, it was heated to a temperature of 800 ° C and immersed in oil.

In this mode of heating and immersion in oil, the same processes occurred that were characteristic of graphitizing annealing of the casting.

As a result, the initial geometric parameters and shape of the casting changed and did not correspond to its design values.

The strength of the protective coating, as well as the quality and performance of cast iron cookware obtained in this way, are unsatisfactory.

Examples 2, 3, 4 indicate that the increased silicon content (not less than 4.1%) in cast iron, as well as the declared modes of graphitizing annealing and heating of the casting are optimal to ensure stabilization of material properties, geometric parameters and the shape of the dishes.

This allows you to increase the adhesion of the oxide film to the metal, corrosion resistance to organic acids, service life, quality and performance properties of cast iron cookware.

Examples 1, 5 indicate that a reduced silicon content (less than 4.1%), as well as performing graphitizing annealing and heating of the casting outside the declared modes, is not advisable, since this does not provide stabilization of material properties, geometric parameters and shape utensils.

This leads to a decrease in the adhesion strength of the oxide film with the metal, corrosion resistance to organic acids, the service life, quality and performance properties of cast iron cookware.

The proposed cast iron cookware and method for manufacturing cast iron cookware can be repeatedly implemented industrially at any enterprise for casting household cast iron cookware using standard equipment and traditional materials, which indicates that the claimed technical solutions of this group of inventions meet the criteria of the invention "industrial applicability".

1. Cast iron cookware made in the form of a cup-shaped casting made of gray cast iron, on the surface of which a protective coating of iron oxide Fe 3 O 4 is formed, characterized in that the casting is made of gray cast iron containing at least 4.1% silicon in proportion to the weight of cast iron dishes.

2. A method of manufacturing cast-iron cookware, including casting gray cast iron into a mold to produce a cup-shaped casting, removing gates and scoring, grinding, grinding, sandblasting the casting and forming a protective coating of iron oxide Fe 3 O 4 on the casting by heating and immersing in oil, characterized in that when casting gray iron into a casting mold to obtain a bowl-shaped casting, silicon is introduced into the composition of the charge in an amount of at least 4.1% in proportion to the weight of the cast iron cookware, and after grinding, at least st least two times, casting graphitizing annealing at a temperature of 680 ÷ 800 ° C for 0.5 ÷ 1.0 hours, followed by air cooling to achieve annealing gray color.

Cast iron cookware and method for manufacturing cast iron cookware

The business idea of \u200b\u200bproducing wooden dishes is easy to organize at home. But in order to develop a profitable business with short payback periods, it is necessary to increase productivity and reduce costs. It is possible to achieve this effect only with special equipment. This business idea addresses the rapid production of hemispherical wood utensils.

An inexpensive woodworking lathe allows you to produce wooden utensils for the whole set of one piece. The unique operating principle of the machine saves consumables and significantly reduces the time spent on the production of wooden bowls, plates, bowls, etc.

Wooden dishes have a lot of advantages, which makes it attractive to the consumer. She will find a place in every kitchen.

Advantages in Wooden Utensils

Wooden dishes are in demand due to their indispensable advantages:

1. Allows you to keep food hot for a long time. It does not burn your hands while serving hot dishes.
2. Improves the taste of food.
3. It has tonic bactericidal properties.
4. Absolutely eco-friendly.
5. Not beating, strong and durable.
6. Can be used for microwave heating ( only for microwave for a period of not more than 20 minutes, otherwise it will dry out, but for the grill - it is impossible!).
7. Caring for wooden utensils is inexpensive. If the tree darkens over time, it can be wiped with hydrogen peroxide to restore the original appearance (after which it is imperative to rinse).

Retail prices for wooden utensils depend on the complexity of the product, the size and type of wood. Comparative prices for dishes made of pine wood:

When using a special lathe woodworking machine, it takes less than 20 minutes to produce one medium-sized bowl with grinding and polishing. You can sell wooden dishes through the online store, at fairs and markets, or to friends. Depending on the volume of home production.

Unique equipment for making wooden dishes

From woodworking equipment for the production of wooden dishes depends on:

• quality of finished products;
• home production productivity;
• business profitability.

For the economical production of wooden bowls, which are in good demand, you need a special machine. Its feature is a unique principle of action.

The base is no different from a standard woodworking lathe. The advantage lies in the special arcuate incisors, which are fixed on hinges and modernized by the supply of clamped air. At the joints, there are adjusting screws that allow you to adjust the precise movement of the cutters along the desired path. The compressed air nozzle is aimed at the place of work of the cutters, which allows not only to remove the chips from the cut channels, but also to cool the cutter itself for its high-quality work. The advantage of the principle of operation of such a device is clearly displayed in the process of processing blanks.

The principle of operation of a unique woodworking machine

Before starting work, you must adjust the radius of movement of the arcuate cutter around its axis. By adjusting screws we set the arc of the outline of the path of movement of the cutter. In fact, we are setting the shape of our future bowl.

Next, you should firmly fix the workpiece in the lathe chuck and fill the compressor receiver with compressed air. Then turn on the machine to rotate the workpiece. We bring the end of the arcuate cutter to the workpiece, slowly moving it around its axis on the hinge. At the moment of contact of the cutter with the workpiece, turn on the supply of compressed air.

Next, the cutter passes the radius along the path in the nutria of the workpiece. Thus, the spherical bottom of the first wooden bowl is formed from its outer side. In the process of deepening the cutter, a deep inner roll is formed, from which the chips are constantly removed due to compressed air. The cutter at this time does not overheat and smoothly cuts the shape of the product.

In the next step, the cutter should be moved to its initial position and the required distance must be retreated to form the bowl wall thickness. Already at the second stage, the cutter simultaneously cuts out the inner spherical bottom surface for the first bowl, and the outer one for the second. After the undercut, the finished dishes are ground and polished.

Innovation makes business quick

This unique principle of wood processing allows you to significantly:

1. Save wood consumption for making bowls.
2. Increase production productivity.
3. It is easy to create complex and sphere-shaped shapes in wooden dishes.
4. Get a wide range of hemispherical cookware.
5. Quickly make sets of bowls with already suitable forms for embedding a nesting doll (one into the other).

You can cut out a variety of shapes with an arc-shaped cutter (as shown in the figure). For this, settings for the paths of movement of the cutters are provided. Or you can replace the cutter itself with another with a different arc shape. Depending on which shape you need to cut out the wooden:

• bowls;
• plates;
• cauldrons;
• pips

All these types of utensils on this machine can be made in whole sets from 2-5 pieces. in one (depending on the form).

This is the perfect equipment for quickly creating a business at home without a lot of investment. Some craftsmen may even try to make such a machine with their own hands. The principle of its operation is simple and understandable. And the manufacture of such a machine does not require large investments. The wooden products produced on it will be sold and of course will be useful for personal use.

Content

Casting iron dishes stages and manufacturing process

Casting iron castings are popular to this day. The manufacturing process includes: casting gray cast iron into a mold for cast iron utensils, obtaining a bowl-shaped casting, eliminating gates, grinding, grinding, sandblasting, creating a protective enameled coating on the casting. Entire enterprises continue to open, where there are workshops for the production of iron casting of dishes and products. This alloy is perfect for preparing healthy and tasty food.

Cast iron has excellent heat dissipation, so food taken out of the oven can still languish in a bowl, retaining nutrients and acquiring a more saturated taste.

Benefits

Advantages of using cast iron cookware:

• safe, non-toxic alloy;
• profitability;
• due to the thick walls, the food remains hot for a long time;
• durability of use;
• food prepared in such dishes is enriched with iron;
• universality of application: gas, electric, induction, Russian stoves.

disadvantages

The disadvantage of cast-iron cookware is its large weight and fragility.

Today, you can buy cast iron cookware made using modern technologies without any problems. These are goslings, pans, cast irons, the production of which does not stop at foundries.

In recent years, friends from different regions of Russia and even from other countries regularly write to me with an unexpected question: "Yesterday we bought a cauldron (frying pan, roasting pan) here, and it says" kukmara "below, is it from your homeland?"
At first it was surprising, and then we aksanova   decided: how much can you talk about overseas wonders and distant regions, when not everything interesting has been studied and shown in my native Kukmor!

Today we will tell and show how to make dishes under the brand Kukmara, which, as it turned out, has already spread throughout the planet. To be honest, I was pleasantly surprised by this fact. While we were studying production, we learned that even Galileo had already managed to visit Kukmor and make a report on how the cauldron was made for pilaf! I invite you now to learn more about this later in the post.

2. So, where did you and I get ?! This is Kukmorsky Metalware Plant OJSC, one of the main manufacturers of cast aluminum cookware since 1950. A few centuries ago, the plant was called a smelter and was engaged in the manufacture of samovars, trays, pots of copper.

When I first heard that 60% of the cast dishes produced in Russia are made in the Tatarstan's native district center, Kukmor, I did not believe it. And this is exactly so!

3. Currently, cauldrons, places, pots, pans, crepe makers and much more are produced here!
There are even giants - cauldrons of 110 liters!

4. We go directly to the workshop, observe the stages of making dishes.
Production aluminum comes in 10 kg bullion. Its composition is checked in a special laboratory of the plant for suitability.

5. Production begins with the smelting of aluminum alloys in furnaces at temperatures from 700 to 850 degrees! Heat!

6. Foundry - a real hot spot.

7. Liquid aluminum is poured into special forms with a scoop. A bewitching sight!

8. An excellent tower of them turns out).

9. Oh how! Do you understand how to work?
:-))

10. After casting, excess metal remains on the workpieces

11. In this regard, the product is subjected to further chopping and cleaning on special lathes

12.

13.

14. Like sculptures! Cut off the excess and get the result

16. Now you can start painting. It is produced in several stages. Coatings (2 and 3 layers) are applied manually by spraying using special spray guns or on semi-automatic coating lines. Products are covered both from the inside and from the outside

17. First a primer, it provides better adhesion of metal to a non-stick coating, increasing the service life of the product. The soil dries in a conveyor oven, where the product is sent to

18. The automatic line has already begun operation, where all stages of coating are carried out on special equipment in one place

19. German and Italian non-stick coatings. Stored in a special refrigerator

20.

21. The product with dried soil leaves the other side of the conveyor and again sent to the paint booth.
On the outside and inside, the product is coated with a non-stick coating and again baked. The dishes are exposed to temperatures of over 450 degrees in these tunnel ovens.

22. The next step after coating is drying followed by cooling.

23. A cast ware without coating passes grinding, assembly, quality control, packaging and packaging

24.

25. The final stage in the production of aluminum cookware with non-stick coating is the groove of the bottom of the product.
A groove is the removal of chips from the bottom of a dish

26. What makes it possible to use not only on gas and electric stoves, but also on glass-ceramic.
Alignment of the bottom increases the contact area of \u200b\u200bthe bottom of the dishes with the stove, which affects the speed and uniformity of heating the dishes

27.

30. Grooving is also made for aesthetic purposes.

31. It is good to see that the plant is growing and expanding. These are new workshops. Surprised by the number of employees at the enterprise - almost 700 people. For Kukmor, with a population of 17,000 people and not in the best conditions in finding a good job, such an enterprise is a solution to the problem for many of my countrymen

32.

33. There is also a tinware workshop, where tripods, rods, molds, dies are produced. They are coated with special oil so that they do not rust.

34. Further, depending on the assortment, the products are equipped with glass or metal covers, removable handles. For the assembly, we use both materials of our own production (stainless handles, headbands for camping boilers, aluminum handles, etc.) and materials purchased from other manufacturers (glass covers, bakelite and wooden handles, fasteners, packaging). Accessories mainly imported

34. Since I was born and raised in Kukmor, I met familiar faces almost everywhere in the enterprise — classmates, friends, acquaintances. That was nice!

35. Everything is ready and now it remains only to pack and send it to the warehouse, wait for shipment to the wholesale customer

36. Liked the packaging design

37. Products are packed in a film with subsequent packaging in a shipping container

38.

39. Very surprised by the variety of plant products. Before the tour, the marketing department managed to see a huge stand of dishes. And I thought that only pans and cauldrons do!

40. Wrap me, please, each name in two, no, in three pieces!

Rinat Bilalovich, technical director of the plant and commercial director Amina Zagitovna, very clearly and in detail told us about the production. Thanks to everyone who organized this interesting and informative tour for us!